This tutorial will teach you how to create a simple number pattern in C, a fundamental skill for beginners learning about loops and logic
Final Output
Before we dive into the code, let's look at the goal. When the program runs, it will ask for a number (e.g., 5) and then print the numbers from 1 to 5, each on a new line.
Enter the number of elements: 5
1
2
3
4
5
Deconstructing the Pattern: The Logic
The goal is to print a sequence of numbers, with each number appearing on a new line. This is a straightforward problem that can be solved with a single loop.
Problem Statement: The program should take an integer input n
from the user and print numbers from 1 to n
, with each number on a new line
Pattern Analysis & Logic:
Identifying the Logic: We need to repeat an action (printing a number) a specific number of times. A
for
loop is ideal for this3 .The Loop: We will use a single
for
loop that iterates from 1 up to the value ofn
.Printing: Inside the loop, we will use
printf
to print the current loop counter's value. To move the cursor to the next line for the subsequent number, we will use the newline character\n
.
Here is the step-by-step breakdown of the algorithm
Start the program.
Declare an integer variable,
n
, to store the user's input.Prompt the user to enter the number of elements.
Read the integer value from the user and store it in
n
.Start a
for
loop with a counter variable,i
, initialized to 1.The loop should continue as long as
i
is less than or equal ton
.In each iteration, print the value of
i
, followed by the newline character\n
.Increment
i
by 1.After the loop finishes, the program ends.
The Code Implementation
Here is the complete C program with comments explaining each part
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
// Declare a variable to store the number of elements
int n;
// Prompt the user for input
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
// Read the user's input
scanf("%d", &n);
// Loop from 1 to n to print the numbers
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
// Print the current number followed by a newline character
printf("%d\n", i);
}
return 0;
}
Explanation:
#include <stdio.h>
: This includes the standard input/output library, which is necessary for functions likeprintf
andscanf
6 .int main()
: This is the entry point of the program7 .int n;
: We declare an integer variablen
to hold the user's input.printf("Enter the number of elements: ");
: This line displays a message prompting the user for input8 .scanf("%d", &n);
: This line reads the integer value entered by the user and stores it in the variablen
.for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
: This is our loop. It initializes a counteri
to 1, continues as long asi
is less than or equal ton
, and incrementsi
after each iteration9 .printf("%d\n", i);
: Inside the loop, this statement prints the value ofi
followed by\n
, which ensures that each subsequent number is printed on a new line.
Sample Output
Here is an example of the program's output based on a sample input
Enter the number of elements: 5
1
2
3
4
5
Output Analysis:
When you enter 5
, the for
loop runs five times. In each iteration, printf("%d\n", i);
prints the current value of i
and then moves the cursor to the next line. This process repeats until all numbers from 1 to 5 are printed in a column.
Dry-Run Table
A dry-run table is an excellent way to show how the variables change during each iteration of the loop.
Dry-Run Table of Printing Numbers in a Column | Number Patterns in C
Flowchart Diagram
Flowchart Diagram of Printing Numbers in a Column | Number Patterns in C
Variations and Enhancements
Modify the Character: You can easily change the character being printed. For example, by changing
printf("%d\n", i);
toprintf("*\n");
you can print a column of stars11 .Change the Logic: Modify the
for
loop to print numbers in reverse order (e.g., fromn
to 1)12 .Challenge: Try to modify the code to print numbers from
n
down to 1 in a column.
Common Mistakes and Troubleshooting
Missing Newline: A common mistake is forgetting the
\n
in theprintf
statement13 . Without it, all the numbers would be printed on a single line, causing the pattern to look like a row instead of a column.Incorrect Loop Conditions: Ensuring your loop condition is correct (e.g.,
i <= n
) is crucial14 . A small typo can completely change the pattern or cause an infinite loop15 .
Complexity Analysis
Time Complexity: The time complexity is O(n) because the
for
loop runsn
times, and the work inside the loop is constant16 .Space Complexity: The space complexity is O(1) as we only use a constant amount of memory for variables, regardless of the size of
n
17 .
Conclusion
In this tutorial, you learned how to use a basic for
loop and the newline character to print numbers in a column. This exercise reinforces your understanding of loops and controlling output formatting, which is a key skill for more advanced pattern programming
....till next post, bye-bye & take care!
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