8051 microcontroller tutorial: 8/24/25

This tutorial will teach you how to create a simple number pattern in C, a fundamental skill for beginners learning about loops and logic¹. This is a great starting point for understanding more complex pattern programs and will help you understand how to control output flow using newlines.

Final Output

Before we dive into the code, let's look at the goal. When the program runs, it will ask for a number (e.g., 5) and then print the numbers from 1 to 5, each on a new line.

Enter the number of elements: 5
1
2
3
4
5

Deconstructing the Pattern: The Logic

The goal is to print a sequence of numbers, with each number appearing on a new line. This is a straightforward problem that can be solved with a single loop.

Problem Statement: The program should take an integer input n from the user and print numbers from 1 to n, with each number on a new line².

Pattern Analysis & Logic:

Identifying the Logic: We need to repeat an action (printing a number) a specific number of times. A
for loop is ideal for this³.
The Loop: We will use a single for loop that iterates from 1 up to the value of n.
Printing: Inside the loop, we will use printf to print the current loop counter's value. To move the cursor to the next line for the subsequent number, we will use the newline character \n.

Here is the step-by-step breakdown of the algorithm⁴:

Start the program.
Declare an integer variable, n, to store the user's input.
Prompt the user to enter the number of elements.
Read the integer value from the user and store it in n.
Start a for loop with a counter variable, i, initialized to 1.
The loop should continue as long as i is less than or equal to n.
In each iteration, print the value of i, followed by the newline character \n.
Increment i by 1.
After the loop finishes, the program ends.

The Code Implementation

Here is the complete C program with comments explaining each part⁵⁵⁵⁵.

C
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    // Declare a variable to store the number of elements
    int n;

    // Prompt the user for input
    printf("Enter the number of elements: ");

    // Read the user's input
    scanf("%d", &n);

    // Loop from 1 to n to print the numbers
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
        // Print the current number followed by a newline character
        printf("%d\n", i);
    }

    return 0;
}

Explanation:

#include <stdio.h>: This includes the standard input/output library, which is necessary for functions like printf and scanf⁶.
int main(): This is the entry point of the program⁷.
int n;: We declare an integer variable n to hold the user's input.
printf("Enter the number of elements: ");: This line displays a message prompting the user for input⁸.
scanf("%d", &n);: This line reads the integer value entered by the user and stores it in the variable n.
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++): This is our loop. It initializes a counter
i to 1, continues as long as i is less than or equal to n, and increments i after each iteration⁹.
printf("%d\n", i);: Inside the loop, this statement prints the value of i followed by \n, which ensures that each subsequent number is printed on a new line.

Sample Output

Here is an example of the program's output based on a sample input¹⁰.

Enter the number of elements: 5
1
2
3
4
5

Output Analysis:

When you enter 5, the for loop runs five times. In each iteration, printf("%d\n", i); prints the current value of i and then moves the cursor to the next line. This process repeats until all numbers from 1 to 5 are printed in a column.

Dry-Run Table

A dry-run table is an excellent way to show how the variables change during each iteration of the loop.

Dry-Run Table of Printing Numbers in a Column | Number Patterns in C

Flowchart Diagram

Flowchart Diagram of Printing Numbers in a Column | Number Patterns in C

Variations and Enhancements

Modify the Character: You can easily change the character being printed. For example, by changing
printf("%d\n", i); to printf("*\n"); you can print a column of stars¹¹.
Change the Logic: Modify the for loop to print numbers in reverse order (e.g., from n to 1)¹².
Challenge: Try to modify the code to print numbers from n down to 1 in a column.

Common Mistakes and Troubleshooting

Missing Newline: A common mistake is forgetting the \n in the printf statement¹³. Without it, all the numbers would be printed on a single line, causing the pattern to look like a row instead of a column.
Incorrect Loop Conditions: Ensuring your loop condition is correct (e.g., i <= n) is crucial¹⁴. A small typo can completely change the pattern or cause an infinite loop¹⁵.

Complexity Analysis

Time Complexity: The time complexity is O(n) because the for loop runs n times, and the work inside the loop is constant¹⁶.
Space Complexity: The space complexity is O(1) as we only use a constant amount of memory for variables, regardless of the size of n¹⁷.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you learned how to use a basic for loop and the newline character to print numbers in a column. This exercise reinforces your understanding of loops and controlling output formatting, which is a key skill for more advanced pattern programming¹⁸.

....till next post, bye-bye & take care!

Saturday, August 30, 2025

Printing Numbers in a Column | Number Patterns in C